Ankle Sprain: Causes And Treatment

Some factors that can increase the risk of ankle sprain include:

• Physical Activity - Sports that involve running, jumping or quick directional changes—such as basketball, football or tennis—can put stress on the ankle.
• Uneven Surfaces - Walking or exercising on uneven ground—such as trails, fields or poorly maintained pavements—can increase the likelihood of twisting an ankle.
• Previous Injuries - Individuals with a history of ankle injuries are more susceptible to future sprains, as previous damage can weaken the ligaments.
• Inappropriate Footwear - Shoes lacking proper support or traction, such as high-heeled shoes or worn-out trainers, can destabilise the ankle.
• Poor Physical Condition - Weak ankle muscles, limited flexibility or poor balance can reduce stability, increasing the chance of a sprain.
• Anatomical Factors - Certain foot structures—such as high arches or flat feet—may lead to ankle instability.

To diagnose an ankle sprain, your doctor will ask how the injury happened, review your symptoms, and examine the ankle for swelling, tenderness, movement and stability. Beyond this physical exam, the doctor may order imaging tests to determine the extent of the injury:

• X-ray - These are often used to rule out broken bones. While they do not show soft tissues, they can help detect bone injuries.
• MRI - Provides detailed images of soft tissues, including ligaments and tendons, and is the preferred test for assessing sprains.

Apart from a physical examination, the ankle surgeon in Singapore will arrange for imaging tests such as an X-ray, CT scan or MRI to determine the details and extent of the injury.

Treatment for ankle sprains will depend on the severity of the injury, and will always start from the most conservative option possible first. Options include:

While not all ankle sprains can be avoided, incorporating these measures into daily routines or sports activities can significantly lower the risk:

• Strength and Balance Training – Exercises like calf raises, ankle circles or balance drills can strengthen the muscles around the ankle, improving stability.
• Proper Footwear – Wear shoes suited for the activity or sport, with adequate arch support and traction.
• Warm-Up and Stretching – Before physical activity, warm up and stretch to prepare the muscles and improve flexibility.
• Surface Awareness – Be mindful of the environment and avoid activities on uneven or slippery surfaces.
• Bracing or Taping – For those with a history of sprains, ankle braces or taping can provide additional support during high-risk activities and prevent re-injury.